Overview
Peonies are native to Asia, Europe, and Western North America. Herbaceous peonies die back to the ground each winter, while tree peonies have woody stems that remain. Both produce spectacular large flowers that are prized in gardens and floral design.
Care Guide
Light
Full sun (at least 6 hours) produces the best flowering. In very hot climates, light afternoon shade is helpful.
Water
Water regularly during the growing season, especially the first year. Established plants are reasonably drought-tolerant.
Soil
Rich, well-draining soil is ideal. Avoid planting too deeply — the eyes (buds) of herbaceous peonies should be only 1–2 inches below the surface.
Planting
Plant in autumn for best results. Peonies dislike being moved, so choose the location carefully.
Support
Many large-flowered varieties benefit from staking or peony rings to keep the heavy blooms upright.
After Blooming
Deadhead spent flowers. Leave the foliage until it dies back naturally in autumn.
Propagation
Divide herbaceous peonies in autumn. Each division should have at least 3–5 eyes. Tree peonies are usually grafted and more difficult to propagate at home.
Common Problems
- Few or no flowers – Planted too deeply, not enough sun, or the plant is still young.
- Botrytis blight – Fungal disease that can cause buds to rot; improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
- Ants on buds – Normal; they are attracted to the sugary nectar and do no harm.
Interesting Facts
- Peonies can live for 50–100 years or more in the same spot.
- They are one of the traditional flowers of the late spring garden.
- Ants are often seen on peony buds but do not damage the plant.
- Tree peonies can have flowers the size of dinner plates.
